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The discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) unfolded over decades through collaborative efforts and key experiments. In 1944, Avery, McLeod, and McCarty identified DNA as the hereditary material, but the mechanism of gene function remained unclear. Watson and Crick’s 1953 proposal … Continue reading →

The discovery of tRNA originated from studies on protein synthesis in the 1950s. In 1956, Paul Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland were investigating how amino acids are assembled into proteins. They identified an enzyme, later called the pH 5 enzyme, that … Continue reading →

The discovery of nucleic acids spanned decades, beginning in 1847 when Justus Liebig observed an acidic substance, later identified as inosinic acid, though its significance remained unclear. In 1869, Friedrich Miescher identified a phosphorus-rich material in cell nuclei, naming it … Continue reading →